Empatia jako czynnik związany z uprzedzeniami wobec osób otyłych. Badanie przeprowadzone na populacji polskich studentów
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34813/16coll2023Słowa kluczowe:
otyłość , empatia, uprzedzenia wobec osób otyłych , Skala Uprzedzeń Wobec Osób Otyłych, Skala Wrażliwości EmpatycznejAbstrakt
Stygmatyzacja i dyskryminacja osób otyłych są wszechobecne i powodują liczne konsekwencje dla ich zdrowia psychicznego i fizycznego. Wiadomo, że psychologiczne skutki dyskryminacji mają trwały wpływ na samoocenę, poziom depresji i poważnie wpływają na zadowolenie z obrazu własnego ciała. Celem pracy było zbadanie zależności między poziomem empatii a poziomem uprzedzeń wobec osób otyłych wśród młodzieży w okresie wczesnej dorosłości.
Badanie przeprowadzono wśród studentów pedagogiki studiów licencjackich Wydziału Nauk Społecznych Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie. Grupa badana liczyła 240 osób (Mwiek = 21,07, SDwiek = 1,28, zakres od 19 do 25 lat). Zastosowanym narzędziem badawczym była Skala uprzedzeń wobec osób otyłych oraz Skala wrażliwości empatycznej.
Trzy wymiary empatii były istotnie ujemnie skorelowane z postawami antytłuszczowymi, tj. empa- tyczna troska (r = −0,823, p < .001), osobista przykrość (r = −0,833, p < .001) i przyjmowanie perspek- tywy (r = −0,839, p < .001). Stwierdzono istotne związki pomiędzy poziomem uprzedzeń wobec osób otyłych a wymiarami empatii, tj. empatycznej troski F(2,237) = 212,732, p < 0,001, osobistej przykrości F(2,237) = 220,535, p < 0,001 i przyjmowania perspektywy F(2,237) = 204,646, p < 0,001.
Poziom empatii okazał się istotnie ujemnie skorelowany z uprzedzeniami wobec osób otyłych. Wyniki uzyskane w niniejszym badaniu wspierają ideę projektowania i stosowania programów edukacyjnych w zakresie zapobiegania stygmatyzacji otyłości. Ważne jest określenie charakteru uprzedzeń wobec osób otyłych, aby przyczynić się do poprawy ich codziennego funkcjonowania i dobrostanu.
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Prawa autorskie (c) 2023 MAŁGORZATA OBARA-GOŁĘBIOWSKA, Justyna Michałek-Kwiecień
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