The effectiveness of the counterterrorist deterrence strategy in the light of the concept of ressentimental revaluation of values
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34813/11coll2023Keywords:
counterterrorism deterrence strategies, terrorism, concept of frustration-aggression, concept of narcissism-aggression, ressentimentAbstract
The aim of this article is to look at two types of counterterrorism deterrence strategies: denial strategy and reintegrative punishment strategy from the perspective of the concepts of frustration-aggression, narcissism-aggression, and ressentiment. In the author's opinion, the above strategies can be effectively applied only to subjects who have not experienced feelings of inferiority that led directly to narcissism and ressentimental reevaluation of values (the frustration-aggression concept). In the case of subjects who have such experiences, including their psycho-emotional consequences (the concept of narcissism-aggression and the concept of ressentiment), all peaceful forms of persuasion, just as the threat of inev-itable punishment (proposed by both deterrence strategies) will not be effective. In such cases, the only course of action seems to be an uncompromising fight against all forms of ideological violence or socio-political prevention, consisting in building the largest possible pluralism, and where this is impossible for various reasons, cultural-political isolation.
References
Berkovitz, L.(1989). Frustration-aggression hyphothesis: Examination and reformulation.Psychological Bulletin, 106(1),59–73.
Berkovitz, L, (1962). Aggression. McGraw-Hill.
Crayton, J. W.(1983). Terrorism and psychology of the self. W: L. Zelic, Y.A. Freed-man (Eds.), Perspectives on terrorism (33–41). Scholarly Resources.
Crenshaw, M.(1988). Theories of terrorism: Instrumental and organizational ap-proaches. W:David C. Rapoport (Ed.), Inside terrorist organizations(13–31). Frank Cass.
Crenshaw, M.(1986.). Psychology of political terrorism.W: M.G. Herman (Ed.), Political psychology. Contemporary problems and issues(379–413). Jossey-Bass.
Dollard, J., Doob, L. W., Miller, N. E., Mowrer, O. H., Sears, R. R.(1939). Frustration and aggression.Yale University Press.
Fassin D.(2013). On resentment and ressentiment. The politics and ethics of moral emotions.Current Anthropology, 54(3),249–269.
Ferracuti, F.(1982). Sociopsychiatric interpretation of terrorism. The Annales of the American Academy, 463, 129–140.https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716282463001011.
Gurr, T. R.(1970). Why men rebel. Princenton University Press.
Ginges,J. (1997). Deterring the terrorist: A psychological evaluation of different strategies for deterring terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 9(1),170–185.
Harbinson, H. J., Lyons, H.A. (1986). A comparison of political and non-political murders in Northern Ireland 1974–1984.Medicine, Science and theLaw,26(3), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1177/002580248602600304.
Hubbard, D. G. (1978). Terrorism and protest.Legal Medical Quarterly, 2, 188–197.
Hubbard, D. G. (1983). The psychodynamics of terrorism.W: Y.Alexander, T.Adeni-ran (Eds.), International violence (43–53). Praeger.
Kotarbiński, T. (1961). Elementy teorii poznania, logiki formalnej i metodologii nauk. Ossolineum.
Langman L., Morris D. (2002). Islamic terrorism: From retrenchment to ressentiment and beyond. W:H. W. Kushner (Ed.), Essential readings on political terrorism: Anal-yses of problems and prospects for the 21st century(130–184). Richard Altschuler & Associates.
Lasch, Ch. (1979). The culture of narcissism.W.W. Norton.
McCauley,C.,Moskalenko S. (2011). Friction. How radicalization happens to them and us. University Press.
Morf, G. (1970). Terror in Quebec. Clarke.
Nietzsche F.(1995). Ecce homo.Wydawnictwo Baran i Suszczyński.
Pearlstein, R. M. (1991). The mind of the political terrorist. Scholarly Resources.
Pies,R. (2001).A simple way to end terrorism.Journal of Mundane Behavior, 2(3).
Rasch, W.(1979). Psychological dimensions of political terrorism in the Federal Re-public of Germany.International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 2, 79–85. DOI: 10.1016/0160-2527(79)90031-1.
Robins R., Post J. (1999). Paranoja polityczna. Psychopatologia nienawiści. Książka i Wiedza.
Ryder, Ch. (2000). Inside the Maze. The untold story of the Northern Ireland prison service. Mthuren.
Salmela M., Capelos T.(2021).Ressentiment: A complex emotion or an emotionalmechanism of psychic defences?.Politics and Governance, 9(3), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i3.4251.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Elżbieta Posłuszna
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
