ATTACHMENT TO THE FEMALE PARTNER AND THE QUALITY OF THE RELATIONSHIP – THE MEDIATING ROLE OF MALE DEPENDENCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34813/31coll2024Keywords:
male dependence, Attachment, quality of intimate relationshipAbstract
The article presents research results on the quality of men’s functioning in intimate relationships. Particular attention was paid to the level of dependence between partners and the nature of the bond between them. So far, the role of dependency as a factor mediating between men’s attachment to their partner and the quality of their functioning in the dyad has not been analyzed, therefore it was included as a factor mediating between attachment and the quality of dyadic relationships.
The study involved 173 men aged 19–41. The selection of the sample was purposeful – the criterion was being in a relationship.
The research used: Experiences in Close Relationships adapted by Wiśniewski (2011), the Dependence on a Spouse/Partner Scale by Babiuch and Kriegelewicz (2010) and the Relationship Quality Inventory adapted by Liberska, Izdebski and Suwalska-Barancewicz (2015).
The research results indicate the mediating nature of the relationship in the group of men.
References
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar., Waters, E., Wall, S (1978). Patterns of Attachment: A Psycho-social Study of the Strange Situation and at Home. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Alexandrov, E., Cowan, P. A., Cowan, C. P. (2005). Couple attachment and the quality of marital relationships: Method and concept in the validation of the new Couple Attach- ment Interview and coding system. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 123–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730500155170
Alonso-Arbiol, I., Shaver, P. R., Y’arnoz, S. (2002). Insecure attachment, gender roles, and interpersonal dependency in the Basque Country. Personal Relationships 9, 479–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6811.00030
Argyle, M. (1996). The social psychology of leisure. Penguin.
Babiuch, M., Kriegelewicz, O. (2000). Skala do pomiaru zależności od współmałżonka. Own materials sent by the author of the method.
Baron, R. M., Kenny, D. A. (1986), The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Bartholomew, K., Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment Styles Among Young Adults: A Test of Four-Category Model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226–244. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226
Bem, S. L. (2000). Męskość. Kobiecość. O różnicach wynikających z płci. GWP.
Birtchnell, J. (1988). Defining dependency. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 61, 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02770.x
Bornstein, R. F. (1992). The Dependent Personality: Developmental, Social, and Clinical Perspectives. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.3
Bornstein, R. F., Languirand, M. A. (2003). Healthy dependency. Leaning on others without losing yourself. Newmarket Press.
Bowlby, J. (2007). Przywiązanie (transl. M. Polaszewska-Nicke). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Brannon, L. (2002). Psychologia rodzaju. GWP.
Buss, D. M. (1991). Evolutionary personality theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, 459–491. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.42.020191.002331
Chechliński, W. (1981). Kohabitacja – nowe zjawisko życia rodzinnego. In: M. Ziemska, A. Kwak (red.), Funkcjonowanie rodziny a problem profilaktyki społecznej i resocjalizacji, (pp. 27–35). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Cherlin, A. (2004). The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(4), 848–861. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00058.x
Cobb, R. J., Davila, J., Bradbury, T N. (2001). Attachment Security and Marital Satisfaction: The Role of Positive Perceptions and Social Support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), 1131–1143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201279006
Collins, N. L., Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support-seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1053–1073. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1053
Cummings-Robeau, T. L., Lopez, F. G., Rice, K. G. (2009). Attachment-related predictors of college students’ problems with interpersonal sensitivity and aggression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(3), 364–391. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2009.28.3.364
Czapiński, J., Panek, T. (2007) (red.). Diagnoza społeczna 2007. Warunki i Jakość Życia Polaków. www.diagnoza.com [access: 29.11.2013].
Davila, J., Bradbury, T. N., Fincham, F. (1998). Negative affectivity as a mediator of the association between adult attachment and marital satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 5(4), 467–484. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00183.x
Davila, J., Kashy, D. A. (2009). Secure base processes in couples: Daily associations between support experiences and attachment security. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014353
DeHart, T., Pelham, B., Murray, S. (2004). Implicit dependency regulation: Self-esteem, relationship closeness, and implicit evaluations of close others. Social Cognition, 22(1), 126–146. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.22.1.126.30986
Faith, C. (2009). Dependent personality disorder: A review of etiology and treatment. Graduate Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1(2), 63–75.
Feeney, J. A. (1996). Attachment, caregiving, and marital satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 3, 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00124.x
Feeney, J. A., Noller, P., Roberts, N. (2000). Attachment and close relationships. In: C. Hen- drick, S. S. Hendrick (Eds.), Close relationships: A sourcebook (pp. 184–201). Sage Publication. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452220437.n14
Fiori, K., Consedine, N., Magai, C. (2008). The adaptive and maladaptive faces of dependency in later life: Links to physical and psychological health outcomes. Aging & Mental Health, 12(6), 700–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802148863
Fitzpatrick, M. A., Fey, J., Segrin, C., Schiff, J. L. (1993). Internal working models of relationships and marital communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 12, 103–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X93121007
Fraley, R. C., Waller, N G., Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self- report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 350–365. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.350
Freudenreich, D., Liberska, H., Miluska, J. (2011). Man's engagement in family life – changes and contexts. In: H. Liberska (red.), Relations in marriage and family: genesis, quality and development (pp. 153–174). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego.
Frey, J. R., Shaver, P. R. (2002). Respect in close relationships: Prototype definition, self-report assessment, and initial correlates. Personal Relationships, 9, 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6811.00008
Giddens, A. (2012). Socjologia. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Górska, D. (2004). Osobowość zależna. In: L. Cierpiałkowska (red.), Psychologia zaburzeń osobowości. Wybrane zagadnienia. (pp. 206–230). Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
Guisinger, S., Blatt, S. J. (1994). Individuality and relatedness: Evolution of a fundamental dialectic. American Psychologist, 49, 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.2.104
Haggerty, G., Blake, M., Siefert, C. J. (2010). Convergent and Divergent Validity of the Relationship Profile Test: Investigating the Relationship With Attachment, Interpersonal Distress, and Psychological Health. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66 (4), 339–354. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20654
Hazan C., Shaver P. (1987), Romantic Love Conceptualized as an Attachment Process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
Holt-Lunstad, J., Birmingham, W., Jones, B. Q. (2008). Is there something unique about marriage? The relative impact of marital status, relationship quality, and network social support on ambulatory blood pressure and mental health. The Society of Behavioural Medicine, 35, 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-008-9018-y
Janicka, I. (2006). Kohabitacja a małżeństwo w perspektywie psychologicznej. Studium porównawcze. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
Jarnecke, A. M., South, S. C. (2013). Attachment Orientations as Mediators in the Intergenerational Transmission of Marital Satisfaction. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(4), 550–559. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033340
Kelley, H. H., Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal relations: A theory on interdependence. Wiley.
Kerr, S. L., Melley, A. M., Travea, L., Pole, M. (2003). The relationship of emotional expression and experience to adult attachment style. Individual Differences Research, 1, 108–123.
Kirkpatrick, L. A., Davis, K. E. (1994). Attachment style, gender, and relationship stability: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(3), 502–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/e500152006-008
Kobak, R., Duemmler, S. (1994). Attachment and conversation: Toward a discourse analysis of adolescent and adult security. Attachment processes in adulthood, 5, 121–149.
Kobak, R. R., Hazan, C. (1991). Attachment in marriage: Effects of security and accuracy of working models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(6), 861–869. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.861
Kupers, T. A. (1997). Dependency and counter-dependency in couples. Journal of Couples Therapy, 1, 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1300/J036v07n01_04
Kwak, A. (2005). Rodzina w dobie przemian. Małżeństwo i kohabitacja. Wydawnictwo Akademickie ŻAK.
Lowyck, B., Luyten, P., Demyttenaere, K., Corveleyn, J. (2008). The role of romantic attachment and self-criticism and dependency for the relationships satisfaction of community adults. Journal of Family Therapy, 30(1), 78–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2008.00417.x
Marshall, H. R., McCandless, B. R. (1957). Relationship between dependence on adults and social acceptance by peers. Child Development, 28 (4), 412–419. https://doi.org/10.2307/1125968
Mikulincer, M. i Shaver, P. R. (red.). (2007). Attachment in adulthood. Structure, dynamics, and change. The Guilford Press.
Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., Cowan, P. A., Cowan, C. P. (2002). Attachment security in couple relationships: A systemic model and its implications for family dynamics. Family Process, 41(3), 405–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.41309.x
Overall, N. C., Sibley, C. G. (2009). Attachment and dependence regulation within daily in- teractions with romantic partners. Personal Relationships, 16, 239–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2009.01221.x
Perlman, D. (2007). The best times, the worst times: the place of close relationships in psychology and our daily lives. Canadian Psychology, 48(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/cp2007003
Pierce, G. R., Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R. (1991). general and relationship-based perceptions of social support: Are two construct better than One? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(6), 1018–1039. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.61.6.1028
Pinsof, W. M. (2002). The death of “till death do us part”: The transformation of pair bonding in the 20th century. Family Process, 41, 135–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.41202.x
Rathus, J. H., O’Leary, K. D. (1997). Spouse-Specific Dependency Scale: Scale development. Journal of Family Violence, 12(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022884627567
Robins, R. W., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E. (2000). Two personalities, one relationship: Both partner’s personality traits shape the quality of their relationship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(2), 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.2.251
Rostowski, J. (1987). Zarys psychologii małżeństwa. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Rude, S.S., Burnham, B.L. (1995). Connectedness and neediness: Factors of the DEQ and SAS depedency scales. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19(3), 323–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02230403
Sierau, S., Herzberg, P. Y. (2012). Conflict resolution as a dyadic mediator: considering the partner perspective on conflict resolution. European Journal of Personality, 26, 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.828
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W., Phillips, D. (1996). Conflict in close relationships: An attachment perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 899–914. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.5.899
Slany, K. (2008). Alternatywne formy życia małżeńsko-rodzinnego w ponowoczesnym świecie. Zakład Wydawniczy NOMOS.
Sobel, M. E. (1982), Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structura equation models. In: S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological Methodology (pp. 290–312). Jossey-Bass. https://doi.org/10.2307/270723
Sroufe, A., Fox, N. E., Pancake V. R. (1983). Attachment and dependency in developmental perspective. Child Development, 54, 1615–1627. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129825
Suwalska-Barancewicz D., Liberska H., Izdebski P. (2015), The Quality of Relationships Inventory – polska adaptacja. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 20(1), 91–105.
Trost, J. (1977). Niezalegalizowane współżycie pary. Nowa postać nowej tradycji. Problemy Rodziny, 2, 8–19.
Uchino, B. N., Cacioppo, J. T., Kiecold-Glazer, J. K. (1996). The relationship between social support and psychological process: a review with emphasis on underlying mechanism and implications for health. Psychological Buletin, 119, 488–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.119.3.488
Weigel, D. J. (2008). A dyadic assessment of how couples indicate their commitment to each other. Personal Relationships, 15, 17–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00182.x
Weigel, D. J. (2010). Mutuality of commitment in romantic relationships: Exploring a dyadic model. Personal Relationships, 17, 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01303.x
Wiśniewski, C. (2011). Przywiązanie a kontrola emocjonalna. Unpublished master's thesis.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Hanna Liberska, Dorota Suwalska-Barancewicz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
